Introducción. El síndrome de Glass es una condición genética, poco frecuente y descrito recientemente, caracterizada por un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, dismorfismo craneofacial y anomalías dentarias. Con escasas estadísticas a nivel mundial y una prevalencia aproximada de 1 en 30,000 a 40,000 nacidos vivos.
Objetivos. Debido a la heterogeneidad fenotípica, los hallazgos físicos limitados y la falta de pruebas de laboratorio específicas, el Síndrome de Glass puede ser difícil de identificar y suele frecuentemente confundirse con otros diagnósticos diferenciales. Por esta razón y su baja frecuencia, este estudio tiene como objetivo dar a conocer el primer caso registrado, confirmado con prueba molecular en la República Dominicana; promoviendo la importancia de la evaluación genética en la identificación y seguimiento de estos.
Método. Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina de 8 años, hija de padres no consanguíneos de origen dominicano con historia de una dentición irregular, déficit del habla y trastorno del aprendizaje. Al examen físico: asimetría facial, nariz prominente, mala oclusión dentaria por apiñamiento dental severo, paladar alto y estrecho, borde del bermellón grueso y surco naso-labial corto. Además de tórax asimétrico e hipoplásico con pectus excavatum e hiperlaxitud articular. Se detectó una variante probablemente patogénica heterocigótica en el exón 10 del gen SATB2 (c.1582del p. (Ser528Alafs*18) confirmando el diagnóstico de Síndrome de Glass.
Conclusiones. La variante genética identificada en nuestra paciente es la primera reportada y clasificada como probablemente patogénica de acuerdo con las directrices del Colegio Americano de Genética y Genómica Médica para esta enfermedad.
Introduction. Glass syndrome is a rare and recently described genetic condition characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder, craniofacial dysmorphism and dental anomalies. With few statistics worldwide and an approximate prevalence of 1 in 30,000 to 40,000 live births.
Objectives. Due to phenotypic heterogeneity, limited physical findings, and lack of specific laboratory tests, Glass Syndrome can be difficult to identify and is frequently confused with other differential diagnoses. For this reason and its low frequency, this study aims to publicize the first recorded case, confirmed with molecular testing in the Dominican Republic; promoting the importance of genetic evaluation in the identification and monitoring of these.
Method. We present the case of an 8-year-old female patient, daughter of non-consanguineous parents of Dominican origin with a history of irregular dentition, speech deficit and learning disorder. On physical examination: facial asymmetry, prominent nose, dental malocclusion due to severe dental crowding, high and narrow palate, thick vermillion border and short nasolabial fold. In addition to asymmetric and hypoplastic chest with pectus excavatum and joint hypermobility. A probably heterozygous pathogenic variant was detected in exon 10 of the SATB2 gene (c.1582del p. (Ser528Alafs*18) confirming the diagnosis of Glass Syndrome.
Conclusions. The genetic variant identified in our patient is the first reported and classified as probably pathogenic according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics for this disease.
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